-ing式的语态
大多数时候，-ing式使用主动语态形式，少数时候使用被动语态形式。
(1)当-ing式前面没有his, him之类物主代词或者名词所有格作它的逻辑主语时，-ing式被动语态的逻辑主语一般就是该句的主语。
Jack avoided speaking rudely.
杰克避免讲话粗鲁。
(speaking的逻辑主语就是句子的主语Jack)
Having stood two hours, she wanted to sit down.
站了2个小时，她想坐下了。
(Having stood的逻辑主语就是句子主语she)
She sat on the sofa watching TV.
她坐在沙发上看电视。
(watching TV的逻辑主语是句子的主语she)
(2)-ing式的逻辑主语是这个-ing式动作的承受者时，-ing式要用被动语态形式。
Everyone enjoys being praised.
每个人都喜欢受表扬。
(Everyone是praised的承受者)
The man was lying on the couch being examined.
那人躺在床上接受检查。
(The man是examined的承受者)
I found him being criticized by his father.
我发现他正受父亲的批评。
(him是criticised的承受者)
Their being awarded encourages everyone else.
他们所受的奖励鼓励着所有其他人。
(Their=Them是awarded的承受者)
注意：
当主语是物体，谓语是need, want, require, deserve时，作宾语的-ing式用主动式代替被动式，因为被动式稍嫌啰嗦。
The TV set needs repairing now.
这电视机需要修理了。
=The TV set needs being repaired now.
The walls wants to be whitewashing.
墙壁需要粉刷了。
= The walls wants to be whitewashed.
The food requires to be heating.
这个食品需要加热。
= The food requires to be heated.
此外，形容词worth后面也接-ing式的主式代替被动式，而worthy后面则要用不定式的被动语态，或者of加-ing式的被动语态。
This movie is worth seeing.
这电影值得看。
= This movie is worth to be seen.
This computer is worthy buying.
这台电脑值得买。
=This computer is worthy to be bought.
= This computer is worthy of being bought
本文作者：丹丹英语(公众号：英语语法学习)